이 책은 판토하 신부가 1614년 북경에서 저술한 한역 교리서이자 천주교 수덕서修德書다. 『천주실의』와 함께 일찍부터 조선에 전래되어 남인 학자들이 천주교에 입문하는 데 기여했으며, 한글로 번역되어 많은 사람이 읽었다. 이익은 『성호사설』에서 ‘칠극은 곧 우리 유교의 극기설로, 자신의 욕심을 누르고 예로 돌아가는 데 크게 도움이 된다’고 전제한 뒤, 죄악의 뿌리가 되는 탐욕, 오만, 음탕, 나태, 질투, 분노, 색과 이를 극복할 수 있는 일곱 가지 덕행으로 은혜, 겸손, 절제, 정절, 근면, 관용, 인내를 소개했다.

Qike (Seven Victories), abbreviated from Qike daquan (Complete Collection of Seven Victories), is a classical Chinese book on Christian morality written in 1614 in Beijing by Father Diego de Pantoja, which was also utilized as a Catholic catechism in Joseon dynasty. It focuses on cultivating Christian virtues. Among the first catechisms introduced to Joseon, alongside Tianzhu shiyi (The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven), Qike played a significant role in encouraging intellectuals affiliated with the Southerners faction to embrace Catholicism. The text was translated into Korean script, gaining a wide readership. In Seongho saseol (Miscellaneous Discussions of Yi Ik), Yi Ik writes, “The seven victories correspond to the Confucian theory of self-overcoming, which is enormously helpful in overcoming one’s desire and returning to the propriety.” Building on this premise, he enumerates the seven deadly sins as greed, pride, lust, sloth, envy, anger, and gluttony. Conversely, he outlines the virtues that can aid in overcoming these sins: charity, humility, chastity, diligence, kindness, patience, and temperance.